Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal

Estimation of CO2 Emissions from the Electric Power Industry Sector in Libya

2025-01-01T07:34:47+00:00

Since Libya is one of the nations that ratified the Paris Agreement, this research is an attempt to meet its commitment to the international community to lessen environmental degradation and the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on ecosystems. Thus, the purpose of this study is to compute the costs of environmental harm brought on by carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions as well as to estimate the quantity of CO₂ emissions from Libya's electric power plants. This study differs from others because it is grounded in real data collected at pollution monitoring stations and in unit performance control systems in electric power plants. Additionally, this study covers all fuel types used, including natural gas, steam, and combined cycles, as well as all generation technologies. It was discovered that the CO₂ emission factor was roughly 0.857 kgCO₂/kWh. The outcomes were compared to emission lists released by environmental agencies like the EPA and IPCC, as well as the UNFCCC's standard for assessing the system's technical and environmental performance. The study's approach to evaluating environmental harm helps to foster competition in the energy sector in favor of renewable and alternative energy sources. It was calculated that Libya's annual environmental damage costs from producing electricity were roughly $2.184 billion. Additionally, the study offered a few alternatives for allocating this sum to clean, renewable energy technology. This research can be viewed as a road map for the switch to sustainable and clean electricity production.

Phosphorus Doping Effects on the Optoelectronic Properties of K₂AgAsBr₆ Double Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications

2024-12-27T19:16:14+00:00

This work explores the modifications of optoelectronic properties in K₂AgAsBr₆ double perovskites induced by phosphorus doping. First-principles calculations using the CASTEP code with the PBE functional were carried out based on density functional theory (DFT). Our research investigates the electronic structure and optical behavior of the cubic Fm-3m phase of K₂AgAsBr₆, K₂AgAs₀.₈P₀.₂Br₆, and K₂AgAs₀.₆P₀.₄Br₆ to elucidate the impact of progressive phosphorus (P) substitution. P was chosen for its potential to modify the electronic structure due to its smaller atomic radius and different valence orbital energies compared to As. Our results reveal a systematic narrowing of the band gap with increasing P content, from 0.749 eV for the undoped compound to 0.587 eV for K₂AgAs₀.₈P₀.₂Br₆ and 0.424 eV for K₂AgAs₀.₆P₀.₄Br₆. This trend is attributed to the upward shift of the valence band maximum due to the higher energy of P 3p orbitals compared to As 4p orbitals. Analysis of the density of states confirms increased hybridization between P-p and As-p states at the valence band edge. Optical properties, including absorption coefficient, dielectric function, refractive index, and extinction coefficient, demonstrate a consistent red-shift and broadening of spectral features with P doping. Notably, P-substituted compounds exhibit enhanced absorption in the visible light region, with up to a 20% increase in the absorption coefficient at 550 nm for K₂AgAs₀.₆P₀.₄Br₆ compared to the undoped compound. This study reveals that elemental substitution offers a viable route to tailor optical and electronic properties of double perovskites, paving the way for the design of novel materials for next-generation photovoltaic and photoelectric devices.

Molecular Dynamics Analysis of Atomic Diffusion and Crystallization Behavior of Pure Silver in the Vitreous State under Varied External Pressures

2024-12-28T10:37:58+00:00

This study investigates the atomic diffusion and crystallization behavior of pure silver in the vitreous state under varying external pressures, using molecular dynamics simulations. The primary aim is to assess the effects of pressure on the structural dynamics and stability of silver at the atomic level. The results indicate that increasing pressure leads to a decrease in diffusion coefficients, signifying reduced atomic mobility due to denser atomic packing. Structural analysis through Voronoi tessellation reveals a shift from distorted, mixed-like clusters toward a predominance of crystal-like clusters, suggesting enhanced crystallinity with higher pressures. This is further supported by an increased frequency of 14-coordinated clusters in the coordination number distribution. These findings highlight the impact of pressure on the structural ordering of metallic glass and offer insights into its behavior at different length scales.

Hydrogen, Chronology and Electrochemical Production

2024-12-27T19:16:17+00:00

Human gluttony is having a catastrophic effect on the environment. Since the age of industry and the world wars, modern societies have hygienically depleted most of the earth's resources, thus depleting all the resources that will be essential for future generations. The problem doesn't stop there: greenhouse gas emissions have significantly increased the earth's temperature, causing terrible damage to the climate. The production of green energy with no greenhouse effect seems essential to save the planet. Green hydrogen is a suitable and promising way to generate an energy source that produces H₂O molecules instead of CO₂. Water electrolysis is a very important technique for producing green H₂ using an appropriate electrical current generated by a non-polluting energy source such as wind turbines. This review presents a historical and technical overview of the hydrogen element from its discovery to its current production. Throughout this work, we have tried to deal with the most significant historical periods.