Analysis of Clean Development Mechanism for Dernah Wind Farm (I) Project (Libya) by Using AM0019 Methodology
Keywords:
Clean Development Mechanism , Wind Energy, Libya, Certified Emission Reductions, sustainable developmentAbstract
Since the Kyoto Protocol came into effect on Feb 16, 2005, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has experienced significant global growth. This mechanism enables developing countries to actively engage in combating climate change by implementing projects aimed at reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GGEs). In 2010, Libya established the Commission of the Designated National Authority (DNA) to oversee the implementation of the CDM. This move was made as part of Libya's efforts to develop a range of projects that qualify for CDM and contribute to reducing GGEs. The main motivation for conducting this study was the absence of Libya's involvement in global-level CDM projects, as evidenced by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) annual reports. Additionally, the failure to recognize the significance of CDM in influencing decisions regarding investments in wind energy. This work aims to investigate the use of CDM in Dernah wind farm (I) project (Libya). The study used a suitable CDM methodology, AM0019 with the appropriate tool (03-V3), calculated as CO2 reductions and Certified Emission Reductions (CERs).
The results of CDM analysis are as follows: CO2 reductions = 362,201.82 tCO2e/year and CERs for the first ten years of the age of the proposed wind farm (Dernah Wind Farm (ɪ)) (CERs10y) = 1,687,898,590 LD (320,838,371.8 €) for the first ten years, likewise CERs20y= 3,375,797,180 LD (641,676,743.5 €) during the entire life (20 years) of the proposed wind farm. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the project will be highly cost-effective, this will lead to lower electricity prices for consumers and higher profits for the project owners. Therefore, registering wind energy projects as CDM projects and earning CERs is the most practical way to promote wind energy. The findings of this study could be valuable for policy makers and project developers who are interested in CDM wind projects.
Downloads
Metrics
References
H. Shreif, W. El-Osta, and A. Yagub.“Wind Resource Assessment for southern part of Libya: Case Study of Hun.” Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal 8, no. 1 (2019): 12-33.
https://doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v8i1.18
Alhassan A. Teyabeen, Fathi R. Akkari, Ali E. Jwaid, Ashraf Zaghwan, Rehab Abodelah. “Assessment of Wind Energy Potential In Zwara, Libya” Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal, vol. 8, no. 2 (2019): 34-49. https://doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v8i2.28
Laila A. Rtemi, Wedad El-Osta , Ahmad Attaiep. “Hybrid System Modeling for Renewable Energy Sources” Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal 12, no. 1 (2023): 13-28. https://doi.org/10.51646/solarenergyandsustainabledevelopmentjournal.v12i1.146
S. Mohammed, N. Yasser, W. El-Osta, H. El-Khozondar, “Carbon and Energy Life Cycle Analysis of Wind Energy Industry in Libya,” Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal 12, no. 1 (2023): 50-69. https://doi.org/10.51646/solarenergyandsustainabledevelopmentjournal.v12i1.150
N. Yasser, H. El-Khozondar, W. El-Osta, S. Mohammed, M. Elnaggar, M. Khaleel, A. Ahmed, A. Alsharif, Carbon footprint and energy life cycle assessment of wind energy industry in Libya, Energy conversion and management, vol. 300, p. 117846, 2024.
A. Elmariami, W. El-Osta, Y. Nassar, Y. Khalifa, M. Elfleet, Life Cycle Assessment of 20 MW Wind Farm in Libya, Applied Solar Energy, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 64–78, 2023.
A. Makhzom, et al. “Carbon Dioxide Life Cycle Assessment of the Energy Industry Sector in Libya: A Case Study” International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Sustainability (IJEES), vol. 1, no. 3 (2023): 145-163.
S. Al-Behadili and W. El-Osta," Life Cycle Assessment of Dernah (Libya) wind farm", Journal of Renewable Energy, 83 (2015) 1227-1233, 2015.
M.Torres, Manuel Campillo, Wind Energy Division, Revision 8, EE20101117, Wind Resource Analysis Tender Dernah Wind Farm, 2010.
M.Torres catalog for TWT 1.65/82 wind turbine
World Wind Energy Association (WWEA), The Clean Development Mechanism and Wind Energy, How to Come to an Effective Support Scheme for Renewable Energy within a Post-Kyoto Agreement Germany, December 2009.
European Energy Exchange, Market Monitor, 2023, source:eex.com.
E. Corango (2022), The EU emissions trading system after the energy price spike, open society european policy institute, Centre for European reform: https://www.cer.eu/ .
UNFCCC (2023). https://cdm.unfccc.int/sunsetcms/Statistics/Public/CDMinsights/index.html#reg
Jyoti P. Painuly, Niels-Erik Clausen, Jørgen Fenhann, Sami Kamel and Romeo Pacudan (2005), Wind power and the CDM, Emerging practices in developing wind power projects for the Clean Development Mechanism, Energy for Development, Risø National Laboratory, ISBN: 87-550-3451-9, Denmark.
Y. Nassar, K. Aissa and S. Alsadi, Air Pollution Sources in Libya, Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, vol. 6, no.1, pp. 63-79, 2018.
Mohammed R. Zaroug, Renewable Energy Authority of Libya (REAOL), Presentation of Clean Development Mechanism In Libya Opportunities and Prospects , Libya , October -2009.
A. Misherghi, Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energies, Renewable Energy in Libya, (Potentials, Current Situation and Way forward), Germany, June 2012.
CDM methodology booklet, clean development mechanism, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 14ed, Dec. 2022.
Joergen Fenhann, Miriam Hinostroza,The ACP MEAs CDM Programme, CDM Information and Guidebook,3ed, March 2011.
https://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/DB/7FFSYZXS2CQHL2051XI5QBASYNZ2RF
https://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/PAmethodologies/tools/am-tool-03-v3.pdf/history_view.
UNFCCC/CCNUCC, CDM – Executive Board, Revision to the approved baseline methodology AM0019, 19 May 2006. http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/PAmethodologies/approved.html.
Shruti Singh, Rajesh Kumar (2014), Role of clean development mechanism to promote wind energy: case study, Tamil Nadu based wind power project, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, VOL. 9, NO. 4, ISSN 1819-6608.
Jan Veleba, Zaidan Buhawa, Perspectives of Large Wind Power Plant Installations to the National Transmission Power System of Libya, University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic, May 2011.
W.I.Abuzend,W.A.El-Osta,M.A.Ekhlat,E.Borass,Projected Costs of Conventional Power Plants in Libya Using Wind Energy, Solar Energy and Sustainable Development, vol. 1, no.1, pp. 32-41,2012.
W.I.Abou Zened (2009), Avoided costs by using wind energy in Libya, M.Sc. Thesis, Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Academy of Graduate Studies.
S.H. Hadi Al-Behadili (2014), Life Cycle Analysis of Dernah Wind Farm, M.Sc.Thesis, Mechanical Department, School of Engineering and Applied Science, The Libyan Academy of Graduate Studies,Libya.
البرعصي.يوسف عطية ساسي د.محمــد سالــــم حمــــودة, يعقـــــــوب, تقنيات طاقـة الرياح دراسة بيئية شامله لتوطين طاقة الرياح في ليبيا,منشورات الدار الاكاديمية للطباعة والتأليف والترجمة والنشر ليبيا- طرابلس,2009
https://www.quora.com/Why-is-SO2-not-considered-a-major-greenhouse-gas
http://www.changeclimate.com/GreenHouse_Gases/Sulphur_Dioxide_Sulfur_Oxides_SO2_SOx.htm
https://www.myclimate.org/en/information/faq/faq-detail/what-are-greenhouse-gases/ . Visited on 22/10/2023.
Carbon Credits, European Carbon Credit Market, 16/08/2023,
