Analysis of Cooling Methods to Improve the Electrical Performance of Photovoltaic Modules

Yao Kombate; Kokou N’wuitcha; Koffi Gagnon  Apedanou; Yendouban Kolani; Komlan Déla Donald  Aoukou; Bernard Obese

doi:10.51646/jsesd.v14i1.349

Authors

Yao Kombate Regional Center of Excellence for Electricity Management, University of Lomé, P.O. Box 1515, Lomé https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2834-5743
Kokou N’wuitcha Regional Center of Excellence for Electricity Management, University of Lomé, P.O. Box 1515, Lomé, Togo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8561-9459
Koffi Gagnon Apedanou Solar Energy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, P.O. Box 1515, Lomé, Togo
Yendouban Kolani Solar Energy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, P.O. Box 1515, Lomé, Togo https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5765-0725
Komlan Déla Donald Aoukou Solar Energy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, P.O. Box 1515, Lomé, Togo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2550-462X
Bernard Obese Department of Science Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0532-8526

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v14i1.349

Keywords:

solar energy , photovoltaic solar modules, electrical efficiency, cooling methods, hybrid photovoltaic/thermal solar collector.

Abstract

The conversion of solar energy into electricity by photovoltaic solar modules causes the temperature of the photovoltaic solar cells to rise, reducing their electrical efficiency. The heat dissipation of photovoltaic solar modules allows them to be cooled and the recovered heat can be used for residential and industrial applications. Many different cooling methods have been proposed to reduce the temperature of photovoltaic solar modules and improve electrical efficiency. These photovoltaic solar module cooling methods are classified into active, passive and hybrid cooling. Although most solar module air cooling techniques have been investigated, air cooling methods that optimise heat transfer through structural configuration have not been collectively studied. This paper reviews recent work on air-cooling methods for solar photovoltaic modules, focusing on natural and forced air circulation, efficient solar radiation collection and conversion, and improved heat transfer coefficient by air convection in a duct. These air-cooling methods are examined, analysed and compared, and the prospects for these different techniques are proposed. The results showed that forced-air cooling coupled with fins/baffles using phase-change materials and bifacial and thermoelectric photovoltaic modules are the most promising, despite their complex structures and very high investment costs. Thanks to their efficient heat transfer, their storage of excess heat and their significant reduction in the temperature of solar PV modules, these cooling techniques, which are recommended for promotion, can ensure rational use of energy.

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