Optimization of Hybrid Renewable Energy System with Hydrogen Energy Storage for Enhanced Sustainability in Remote Areas:
A Case Study of Enggano Island, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v14i2.618Keywords:
Hybrid Renewable Energy System, Hydrogen Energy Storage, Remote Areas, photovoltaic fault detection, Net Present Cost.Abstract
The growing global energy demand and the impacts of climate change have accelerated the transition toward renewable energy, particularly in remote regions not connected to national electricity grids. This study investigates the design and optimization of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) that integrates photovoltaic (PV) panels, diesel generators (DG), battery energy storage systems (BESS), and hydrogen energy storage systems (HESS) to meet the electricity demand of Enggano Island, Indonesia. The objective is to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, thereby lowering greenhouse gas emissions and improving cost efficiency. Simulations were conducted using HOMER software to determine the optimal system configuration based on economic, technical, and environmental indicators, including Net Present Cost (NPC), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), Renewable Fraction (RF), and CO₂ emissions. The results show that the PV-DG-BESS configuration emerged as the most cost-effective and environmentally sustainable option, achieving an LCOE of $0.293/kWh and reducing annual CO₂ emissions by 48.1% compared to the baseline diesel-only scenario. The Net Present Cost (NPC) for PV-DG-BESS was calculated to be $5,387,226.63. While the PV-DG-BESS configuration is the most practical near-term solution, the integration of HESS demonstrates long-term potential for enhancing system resilience and supporting deeper renewable penetration. Overall, this study contributes to the development of sustainable and efficient renewable energy strategies for remote areas and provides valuable insights for policymakers and energy practitioners in Indonesia and other developing countries facing similar energy challenges.
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