Role of Embedded Systems in Smart Energy Management: : Challenges, Innovations, and Future Trends

Sachin Srivastava  Srivastava; G. Sai  Satyanarayana; Abhay  Dhasmana; Vineet  Rawat; Aditya   Singh Rana; Yashwant  Singh Bisht

doi:10.51646/jsesd.v14iSTR2E.797

Authors

Sachin Srivastava Department of Aerospace Engineering, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, Uttarakhand, India. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8658-5596
G. Sai Satyanarayana Department of Aerospace Engineering, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, Uttarakhand, India. and Department of Aeronautical Engineering, MRCET, Hyderabad-500100, Telangana, India.
Abhay Dhasmana Department of Aerospace Engineering, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, Uttarakhand, India.
Vineet Rawat Department of Aerospace Engineering, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, Uttarakhand, India.
Aditya Singh Rana Department of Aerospace Engineering, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, Uttarakhand, India. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5066-5245
Yashwant Singh Bisht Department of Mechanical Engineering, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, Uttarakhand, India. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3195-6625

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v14iSTR2E.797

Keywords:

Renewable Energy, Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Machine Learning, Embedded System.

Abstract

With smart grids, renewable power, and efficient energy management transforming the energy sector, embedded systems are the prime impetus for real-time monitoring, control, and optimization. Energy efficiency, scalability, reliability, cybersecurity, and cost are, however, areas of concern. Power consumption is reduced by 30–50% by optimized embedded controllers, and battery management systems extend EV life by 20–40%. Scalability is essential, with smart grids capable of handling 100,000 nodes. Reliability in rugged environments (-40°C to 85°C) is paramount, and 1.5 million attacks per year carry financial risks of over $10 billion. Cost factors ($50–500 per unit) limit deployment in developing countries. This paper discusses embedded system architecture, application, and challenges in energy systems, namely smart grids, renewable integration, and EV infrastructure which is displayed in figure 1. It discusses AI-based edge computing and novel communication protocols to address limitations. Based on case studies, the research estimates embedded systems' contribution to energy efficiency and reliability and predicts future advancements, including hardware evolution, machine learning for predictive management, and IoT-based smart ecosystems, which will improve efficiency by 15–25% within the next decade.

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