Technical Assessment of Rooftop PV Configurations in Baghdad Using PVsyst and SketchUp
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v14i2.928الكلمات المفتاحية:
PV system، PVsyst، SketchUp، shading، HJT modules، performance ratio.الملخص
أنظمة الخلايا الشمسية الكهروضوئية تعد من أفضل الحلول لمشكلة نقص الكهرباء في العراق، لأن البلاد تمتاز بإشعاع شمسي قوي خلال معظم أيام السنة. في هذا البحث، تم تصميم عدد من الأنظمة الشمسية على أسطح المباني لأحد مباني الكلية في بغداد، وتم اختبارها باستخدام برنامجي SketchUp و PVsyst . تم استخدام برنامج SketchUp لبناء نموذج ثلاثي الأبعاد للمبنى ودراسة تأثير الظلال الناتجة عن الأجسام القريبة، بينما استُخدم برنامج PVsyst لمحاكاة أداء النظام وحساب الطاقة الكهربائية المنتجة. تضمن العمل نوعين من الألواح الشمسية (أحادية البلورة Monocrystalline وتقنية HJT)) ، مع زاويتين للميول (ثابتة وموسمية)، وباتجاهين للتركيب (عمودي وأفقي). كما تمت دراسة تأثير المسافة بين صفوف الألواح. ولجعل النتائج أقرب إلى الواقع، أُضيفت في المحاكاة بعض الخسائر الحقيقية مثل تراكم الغبار، تقادم الألواح، وفترات توقف النظام عن العمل. أظهرت النتائج أن ألواح HJT أعطت إنتاجًا أعلى للطاقة وأداء أفضل مقارنة بالألواح الأحادية البلورة. كما أن استخدام الميل الموسمي زاد من الطاقة السنوية بنحو 5%. أما زيادة المسافة بين صفوف الألواح فقد ساعدت في تقليل الظلال وتحسين الكفاءة، لكنها في المقابل قللت عدد الألواح الممكن تركيبها على السطح. بشكل عام، أثبتت هذه الدراسة أن التصميم الجيد لزاوية الميل، واتجاه التركيب، والمسافات بين الصفوف يمكن أن يحسن الأداء التقني للأنظمة الشمسية فوق الأسطح في مناخ بغداد، وأن استخدام النمذجة ثلاثية الأبعاد يساعد في الحصول على نتائج أكثر واقعية.
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